Qualquer projecto associado a uma obra de engenharia deveria ser sempre acompanhado de adequado estudo geológico e geotécnico, concebido e acompanhado pelo projectista. A prospecção geotécnica efectua-se para determinar as propriedades dos solos e das rochas presentes no local onde o referido projecto se desenvolverá.
A quantidade e tipo de ensaios de campo e de laboratório a realizar, depende não só da área de implantação do projecto, mas também do perfil da empreitada.
Em locais cujo acesso seja condicionado, a Sinergeo pode efectuar a determinação in-situ da resistência de solos e rochas brandas à penetração por um cone, com recurso a um penetrómetro médio-ligeiro da marca Pagani (DPM30). Este ensaio pode e deve ser efectuado em conjunto com outros ensaios nomeadamente o ensaio SPT, poços de reconhecimento geotécnico, ensaio de caudal, entre outros.
Penetrómetro médio-ligeiro (Pagani DPM30)
Este ensaio consiste na cravação de uma ponteira cónica ligada a um conjunto de varas fixadas topo a topo. As varas têm comprimento de um metro, sendo fixadas rigidamente. A penetração da ponteira faz-se por meio de uma força de choque accionada mecanicamente. Para que a resistência à penetração resulte apenas das forças de reacção do terreno sobre a ponteira e não dos esforços do atrito lateral ou aderência lateral, que eventualmente se possam instalar, utilizam-se ponteiras com diâmetro superior ao diâmetro das varas. A resistência dinâmica de ponta é depois calculada através da relação (EC7-ENV1997-3):
Resistência dinâmica de ponta (qd)
Os resultados obtidos no ensaio são depois apresentados num log de sondagem como aquele que apresenta de seguida. Neste ensaio a “nega” (N10 = 100) foi obtida aos 6 metros de profundidade. A resistência dinâmica de ponta foi calculada com base na fórmula anterior e, para correlacionar os valores de N10 com valores de Nspt, são utilizados diversos autores.
Por último importa ainda referir que o custo de um estudo geológico é facilmente ultrapassado pelo seu valor. Corresponderá percentualmente a, no máximo, 0,2% do valor global da empreitada. É na realidade um investimento e, com este investimento, as fundações podem ser adequadamente e economicamente dimensionadas e é possível evitar atrasos decorrentes de “surpresas” em fase de obra e litigios consequentes. Em suma, não importa o que paga, importa o que lhe custa.
Saudações geotecnicas
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