A monitorização topográfica é uma técnica que se baseia na observação periódica de pontos. O seu objectivo passa por controlar possíveis deslocações e deformações que possam existir, sejam estes movimentos originados pelo homem ou pela natureza.
A monitorização é feita através da implementação de um sistema de observação geodésica, composto por pontos estação e pontos alvo. Os pontos estação, local de onde são observados os pontos alvo, são efectuados com uma Estação Total assente num tripé, estacionado sempre nos mesmos pontos (materializados num local fora da influencia da obra). Os pontos alvo, ou seja, os pontos a serem observados, podem ser, por exemplo, alvos reflectores (Figura 1)
Figura 1| Exemplo de alvo topográfico
Da comparação da posição dos pontos obtidos em épocas distintas podem ser calculados os deslocamentos ocorridos durante esse período. Esses deslocamentos têm de estar dentro de limites pré estabelecidos, nunca ultrapassando os critérios de alarme por forma a evitar catástrofes.
Saudações topográficas!
Andreia Sousa |Engenheira geógrafa| www.sinergeo.pt
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