Os trabalhos de cadastro de redes de abastecimento de água lidam com vários dilemas, que abrangem as mais diversas etapas, principalmente em problemas que exijam uma investigação do subsolo, tais como: mapeamento de condutas enterradas, caracterização de caixas de manobra enterradas, etc. Com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia, surgiu um novo método de investigação indireta, não destrutivo, o GPR ou Georadar. O método consiste na emissão, através de uma antena transmissora, de ondas eletromagnéticas que se propagam na subsuperfície. Essas ondas, cuja frequência varia, sofrem reflexão e refração sendo então captadas por uma antena recetora. Os perfis de reflexão, denominados radargramas, são obtidos movendo-se a antena, a uma velocidade constante.
Figura 1 – Exemplo de radargrama executado perpendicularmente ao andamento da infraestrutura a detetar.
Figura 2 – Exemplo de radargrama onde é detetada uma caixa de manobras enterrada.
Figura 3 – Marcação in situ da localização das diferentes condutas e componentes detetados.
As profundidades de investigação e a resolução do método dependem das propriedades elétricas e magnéticas do meio atravessado. A resolução depende do comprimento da onda eletromagnética que se propaga no terreno e a profundidade de investigação.
São apresentados exemplos de aplicações utilizados para diferentes trabalhos desenvolvidos pela Sinergeo. Os resultados obtidos na aplicação do GPR mostram que este equipamento é adequado para detetar condutas de diferentes tipologias. O equipamento utilizado para aquisição dos dados foi o GPR da MALÅ Geoscience com as antenas blindadas de 500 MHz, 800 MHz. Os radargramas obtidos foram processados com o software RAMAC GroundVision. O trabalho desenvolvido permitiu um acumular de conhecimento acerca deste equipamento e assim garantir a sua eficácia num conjunto alargado de aplicações práticas.
Exemplos de radargramas obtidos com o georadar
Figura 4 – Radargrama onde se assinala a presença de 3 condutas adutoras em fibrocimento, enterradas a aproximadamente 1,5 metros de profundidade. É possível verificar que as condutas se encontram em carga
Figura 5 – Radargrama onde se assinala a presença de 1 condutas em PEAD em carga. (1) Perfil transversal à conduta;
Figura 5 – Radargrama onde se assinala a presença de 1 condutas em PEAD em carga. (2) perfil longitudinal ao andamento da conduta previamente detetado.
Figura 6 – Radargrama onde se assinala a presença de 2 condutas em PEAD em carga enterradas na mesma vala. Afastamento de 3 metros entre cada perfil.
Figura 7 – Radargrama onde se deteta um antigo caneiro de água subterrânea.
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