A recente circular nº1/DG/2019 da Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia, disponível em http://www.dgeg.gov.pt/ dirigida aos Exploradores de Pedreiras e subordinada ao assunto da segurança de pessoas, bens e ambiente vem alertar os titulares de licenças de exploração de pedreiras para a necessidade de execução de estudos conducentes à reavaliação de condições de segurança e detecção de perigos e riscos para pessoas, bens e ambiente. Elencam-se como factores a considerar, entre outros, o incumprimentos de requisitos técnicos e ocorrências associadas à actividade que levem a, por exemplo:
– Colapso ou abatimento de prédios rústicos, urbanos ou mistos vizinhos (murados ou não); colapso ou abatimento de cominhos públicos, estrados municipais ou nacionais;
– Deslizamento ou exposição de quedas, ou outros acidentes, que decorram de frentes com inclinação superior ao declive natural ou desníveis de cota acentuados;
– A movimentos de massa de escombreiras.
Pedreira
A verificação, ou “diagnóstico” do cumprimento de requisitos técnicos é feita sobretudo, pelo uso de métodos e técnicas alicerçadas na geologia, nomeadamente na geologia da engenharia.
Cabe ao geólogo, entre outros aspectos, enumerar as características gerais do afloramento rochoso e sua área envolvente (geomorfologia, litologia, geologia estrutural, tipo de descontinuidades, estado de alteração e textura do material). Outra “missão” importante do geólogo é fazer a divisão do maciço rochoso em zonas geotécnicas, fazendo a descrição geral de cada zona (zonas homogéneas tendo por base os seguintes parâmetros, o estado de alteração, o grau de fracturação, a resistência do material rochoso). Outrossim, deve ser atendida a parametrização do talude rochoso (número de famílias de descontinuidades, orientação e características) de modo a obter uma classificação geomecânica e caracterização geral do talude rochoso.
Pedreira
O correcto dimensionamento e “vida útil” de uma pedreira muito beneficiam da intervenção assisada do geólogo treinado e familiarizado com as ferramentas da prospecção geológica. Todos beneficiam, o explorador, as entidades licenciadoras e sobretudo, o cidadão.
Saudações geológicas
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